What is the role of a condenser in a steam cycle?

The role of a condenser in a steam cycle is primarily to convert steam back to water after it has passed through the turbine and done work. During this process, steam exits the turbine at a lower temperature and pressure and enters the condenser, where it comes into contact with cooling water. This causes the steam to lose heat and condense into liquid water.

Condensation is a crucial step because it allows the cycle to continue efficiently by providing feedwater to the boiler, maintaining the balance of water within the steam cycle, and preserving the thermodynamic efficiency by lowering the pressure at which the steam exits the turbine. The ability to convert steam back into water also significantly affects the cycle's overall efficiency and performance by enabling continuous operation.